四、Web开发 1、简介 使用SpringBoot;
创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块
SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
自己编写业务代码;
自动配置原理?
这个场景SpringBoot帮我们配置了什么?能不能修改?能修改哪些配置?能不能扩展?xxx
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件; xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
2、SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则 1 2 3 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.resources", ignoreUnknownFields = false) public class ResourceProperties implements ResourceLoaderAware {
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 WebMvcAuotConfiguration: @Override public void addResourceHandlers (ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) { if (!this .resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) { logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled" ); return ; } Integer cachePeriod = this .resourceProperties.getCachePeriod(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**" )) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**" ) .addResourceLocations( "classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/" ) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } String staticPathPattern = this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern(); if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) { customizeResourceHandlerRegistration( registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern) .addResourceLocations( this .resourceProperties.getStaticLocations()) .setCachePeriod(cachePeriod)); } } @Bean public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping ( ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping (resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(), this .mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern()); } @Configuration @ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true) public static class FaviconConfiguration { private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties; public FaviconConfiguration (ResourceProperties resourceProperties) { this .resourceProperties = resourceProperties; } @Bean public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping () { SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping (); mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1 ); mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico" , faviconRequestHandler())); return mapping; } @Bean public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler () { ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler (); requestHandler .setLocations(this .resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations()); return requestHandler; } }
所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
http://www.webjars.org/
1 2 3 4 5 6 <dependency > <groupId > org.webjars</groupId > <artifactId > jquery</artifactId > <version > 3.3.1</version > </dependency >
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
“/**” 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
1 2 3 4 5 "classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/" "/":当前项目的根路径
localhost:8080/abc—————-去静态资源文件夹里面找abc
欢迎页: 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被”/**”映射
localhost:8080/ 找index页面
所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找;
配置静态资源文件夹 :
1 spring.resources.static-locations =classpath:/hello,classpath:/static/
3、模板引擎 JSP、Velocity、Freemarker、Thymeleaf
SpringBoot推荐的Thymeleaf;
语法更简单,功能更强大
引入thymeleaf 1 2 3 4 <dependency > <groupId > org.springframework.boot</groupId > <artifactId > spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId > </dependency >
spring-boot 2.x 默认使用 thymeleaf 3
Thymeleaf使用 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf") public class ThymeleafProperties { private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8" ); private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html" ); public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/" ; public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html" ;
只要我们把HTML页面放在classpath:/templates/,thymeleaf就能自动渲染
使用:
导入thymeleaf的名称空间
1 <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" >
使用thymeleaf语法
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" > <head > <meta charset ="UTF-8" > <title > Title</title > </head > <body > <h1 > 成功!</h1 > <div th:text ="${hello}" > 这是显示欢迎信息</div > </body > </html >
语法规则 th:text:改变当前元素里面的文本内容
th:任意html属性;来替换原生属性的值
Order
Feature
Mean
Attribute
1
Fragment inclusion
片段包含;jsp:include
th:insert、th:replace
2
Fragment iteration
遍历;c:forEach
th:each
3
Conditional evaluation
条件判断;c:if
th:if、th:unless、th:switch、th:case
4
Local variable definition
声明变量;c:set
th:object、th:with
5
General attribute modification
任意属性修改
th:attr、th:attrprepend、th:attrappend
6
Specific attribute modification
修改指定属性默认值
th:value、th:href、th:src、……
7
Text(tag body modification)
修改标签体美容
th:text(转义特殊字符)、th:utext(不转义特殊字符)
8
Fragment specification
声明片段
th:fragment
9
Fragment removal
th:remove
表达式
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 Simple expressions:(表达式语法) Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL; 1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法 2)、使用内置的基本对象: #ctx : the context object. #vars: the context variables. #locale : the context locale. #request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object. #response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object. #session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object. #servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object. ${session.foo} 3)、内置的一些工具对象: #execInfo : information about the template being processed. #messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax. #uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs #conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any). #dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc. #calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects. #numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects. #strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc. #objects : methods for objects in general. #bools : methods for boolean evaluation. #arrays : methods for arrays. #lists : methods for lists. #sets : methods for sets. #maps : methods for maps. #aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections. #ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration). Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样; 补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}: <div th:object="${session.user}"> <p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p> <p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p> <p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p> </div> Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容 Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL; @{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')} Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式 <div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div> Literals(字面量) Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,… Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,… Boolean literals: true , false Null literal: null Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,… Text operations:(文本操作) String concatenation: + Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}| Arithmetic operations:(数学运算) Binary operators: + , - , * , / , % Minus sign (unary operator): - Boolean operations:(布尔运算) Binary operators: and , or Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not Comparisons and equality:(比较运算) Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le ) Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne ) Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符) If-then: (if) ? (then) If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else) Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue) Special tokens: No-Operation: _
4、SpringMVC自动配置 Spring MVC auto-configuration Spring Boot 自动配置好了SpringMVC
以下是SpringBoot对SpringMVC的默认配置:(WebMvcAutoConfiguration)
Inclusion of ContentNegotiatingViewResolver and BeanNameViewResolver beans.
自动配置了ViewResolver(视图解析器:根据方法的返回值得到视图对象(View),视图对象决定如何渲染(转发?重定向?))
ContentNegotiatingViewResolver:组合所有的视图解析器的;
如何定制:我们可以自己给容器中添加一个视图解析器;自动的将其组合进来
Support for serving static resources, including support for WebJars (see below).静态资源文件夹路径,webjars
Static index.html support. 静态首页访问
Custom Favicon support (see below). favicon.ico
自动注册了 of Converter, GenericConverter, Formatter beans.
Converter:转换器; public String hello(User user):类型转换使用Converter
Formatter 格式化器; 2017.12.17===Date;
1 2 3 4 5 @Bean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "date-format") public Formatter<Date> dateFormatter () { return new DateFormatter (this .mvcProperties.getDateFormat()); }
==自己添加的格式化器转换器,我们只需要放在容器中即可==
Support for HttpMessageConverters (see below).
HttpMessageConverter:SpringMVC用来转换Http请求和响应的;User—Json;
HttpMessageConverters 是从容器中确定;获取所有的HttpMessageConverter;
==自己给容器中添加HttpMessageConverter,只需要将自己的组件注册容器中(@Bean,@Component)==
Automatic registration of MessageCodesResolver (see below).定义错误代码生成规则
Automatic use of a ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer bean (see below).
==我们可以配置一个ConfigurableWebBindingInitializer来替换默认的;(添加到容器)==
1 2 初始化WebDataBinder; 请求数据=====JavaBean;
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web:web的所有自动场景;
If you want to keep Spring Boot MVC features, and you just want to add additional MVC configuration (interceptors, formatters, view controllers etc.) you can add your own @Configuration class of type WebMvcConfigurerAdapter, but without @EnableWebMvc. If you wish to provide custom instances of RequestMappingHandlerMapping, RequestMappingHandlerAdapter or ExceptionHandlerExceptionResolver you can declare a WebMvcRegistrationsAdapter instance providing such components.
If you want to take complete control of Spring MVC, you can add your own @Configuration annotated with @EnableWebMvc.
扩展SpringMVC 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 <mvc:view-controller path ="/hello" view-name ="success" /> <mvc:interceptors > <mvc:interceptor > <mvc:mapping path ="/hello" /> <bean > </bean > </mvc:interceptor > </mvc:interceptors >
编写一个配置类(@Configuration),是WebMvcConfigurerAdapter类型;不能标注@EnableWebMvc
既保留了所有的自动配置,也能用我们扩展的配置;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/an" ).setViewName("success" ); } }
原理:
1. WebMvcAutoConfiguration是SpringMVC的自动配置类
2. 在做其他自动配置时会导入;@Import(EnableWebMvcConfiguration .class)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 @Configuration public static class EnableWebMvcConfiguration extends DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration { private final WebMvcConfigurerComposite configurers = new WebMvcConfigurerComposite (); @Autowired(required = false) public void setConfigurers (List<WebMvcConfigurer> configurers) { if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(configurers)) { this .configurers.addWebMvcConfigurers(configurers); @Override } } }
3. 容器中所有的WebMvcConfigurer都会一起起作用;
4. 我们的配置类也会被调用;
效果:SpringMVC的自动配置和我们的扩展配置都会起作用;
全面接管SpringMVC SpringBoot对SpringMVC的自动配置不需要了,所有都是我们自己配置;所有的SpringMVC的自动配置都失效了(不推荐)
我们需要在配置类中添加@EnableWebMvc即可
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 @EnableWebMvc @Configuration public class MyMvcConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/an" ).setViewName("success" ); } }
原理:
为什么@EnableWebMvc自动配置就失效了;
1)@EnableWebMvc的核心
1 2 @Import(DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration.class) public @interface EnableWebMvc {
2)、
1 2 @Configuration public class DelegatingWebMvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
3)、
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 @Configuration @ConditionalOnWebApplication @ConditionalOnClass({ Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class, WebMvcConfigurerAdapter.class }) @ConditionalOnMissingBean(WebMvcConfigurationSupport.class) @AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 10) @AutoConfigureAfter({ DispatcherServletAutoConfiguration.class, ValidationAutoConfiguration.class }) public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
4)、@EnableWebMvc将WebMvcConfigurationSupport组件导入进来;
5)、导入的WebMvcConfigurationSupport只是SpringMVC最基本的功能;
5、如何修改SpringBoot的默认配置 模式:
1)、SpringBoot在自动配置很多组件的时候,先看容器中有没有用户自己配置的(@Bean、@Component)如果有就用用户配置的,如果没有,才自动配置;如果有些组件可以有多个(ViewResolver)将用户配置的和自己默认的组合起来;
2)、在SpringBoot中会有非常多的xxxConfigurer帮助我们进行扩展配置
3)、在SpringBoot中会有很多的xxxCustomizer帮助我们进行定制配置
6、RestfulCRUD 默认访问首页 1 2 3 4 @RequestMapping({"/", "/index.html"}) public String index () { return "index" ; }
或者
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Bean public WebMvcConfigurer indexConfigurer () { WebMvcConfigurer mvcConfigurer = new WebMvcConfigurer () { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/" ).setViewName("index" ); registry.addViewController("/index" ).setViewName("index" ); registry.addViewController("/index.html" ).setViewName("index" ); } }; return mvcConfigurer; }
引用静态资源
1 th:src="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.css}"
改变环境路径时不用配置
国际化
编写国际化配置文件
使用ResourceBundleMessageSource管理国际化资源文件
在页面中使用fmt:message取出国际化内容
步骤:
编写国际化配置文件,抽取页面需要显示的国际化消息
login.properties :
1 2 3 4 5 login.btn =登录 login.password =密码 login.remember =记住我 login.tip =请登录 login.username =用户名
login_en_US.properties :
1 2 3 4 5 login.btn =Sign in login.password =Password login.remember =Remember Me login.tip =Please sign in login.username =Username
login_zh_CN.properties :
1 2 3 4 5 login.btn =登录 login.password =密码 login.remember =记住我 login.tip =请登录 login.username =用户名
SpringBoot自动配置好了管理国际化资源文件的组件
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages") public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration { private String basename = "messages" ; @Bean public MessageSource messageSource () { ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource (); if (StringUtils.hasText(this .basename)) { messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray( StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this .basename))); } if (this .encoding != null ) { messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this .encoding.name()); } messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this .fallbackToSystemLocale); messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this .cacheSeconds); messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this .alwaysUseMessageFormat); return messageSource; }
去页面获取国际化的值
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 <!DOCTYPE html > <html lang ="en" xmlns:th ="http://www.thymeleaf.org" > <head > <meta http-equiv ="Content-Type" content ="text/html; charset=UTF-8" > <meta name ="viewport" content ="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no" > <meta name ="description" content ="" > <meta name ="author" content ="" > <title > Signin Template for Bootstrap</title > <link href ="asserts/css/bootstrap.min.css" th:href ="@{/webjars/bootstrap/4.4.1/css/bootstrap.css}" rel ="stylesheet" > <link href ="asserts/css/signin.css" th:href ="@{/asserts/css/signin.css}" rel ="stylesheet" > </head > <body class ="text-center" > <form class ="form-signin" th:action ="@{/user/login}" method ="post" > <img class ="mb-4" th:src ="@{/asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg}" src ="asserts/img/bootstrap-solid.svg" alt ="" width ="72" height ="72" > <h1 class ="h3 mb-3 font-weight-normal" th:text ="#{login.tip}" > Please sign in</h1 > <label class ="sr-only" th:text ="#{login.username}" > Username</label > <input type ="text" name ="username" class ="form-control" placeholder ="Username" required ="" autofocus ="" > <label class ="sr-only" th:text ="#{login.password}" > Password</label > <input type ="password" name ="password" class ="form-control" placeholder ="Password" required ="" > <div class ="checkbox mb-3" > <label > <input type ="checkbox" value ="remember-me" > [[#{login.remember}]] </label > </div > <button class ="btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type ="submit" th:text ="#{login.btn}" > Sign in</button > <p class ="mt-5 mb-3 text-muted" > © 2017-2018</p > <a class ="btn btn-sm" th:href ="@{/index.html(l=zh_CN)}" > 中文</a > <a class ="btn btn-sm" th:href ="@{/index.html(l=en_US)}" > English</a > </form > </body > </html >
效果:根据浏览器语言设置的信息切换了国际化;
原理:
国际化Locale(区域信息对象);LocaleResolver(获取区域信息对象);
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean @ConditionalOnProperty(prefix = "spring.mvc", name = "locale") public LocaleResolver localeResolver () { if (this .mvcProperties .getLocaleResolver() == WebMvcProperties.LocaleResolver.FIXED) { return new FixedLocaleResolver (this .mvcProperties.getLocale()); } AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver localeResolver = new AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver (); localeResolver.setDefaultLocale(this .mvcProperties.getLocale()); return localeResolver; } 默认的就是根据请求头带来的区域信息获取Locale进行国际化
点击链接切换国际化
index.html :
1 2 <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l=zh_CN)}" >中文</a> <a class="btn btn-sm" th:href="@{/index.html(l=en_US)}" >English</a>
MyLocalResolver.java
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 package com.ansore.springboot.compoment;import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;import org.springframework.web.servlet.LocaleResolver;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.util.Locale;public class MyLocalResolver implements LocaleResolver { @Override public Locale resolveLocale (HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) { String l = httpServletRequest.getParameter("l" ); Locale locale = Locale.getDefault(); if (!StringUtils.isEmpty(l)) { String split[] = l.split("_" ); locale = new Locale (split[0 ], split[1 ]); } return locale; } @Override public void setLocale (HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse httpServletResponse, Locale locale) { } }
加入容器:
1 2 3 4 @Bean public LocaleResolver localeResolver () { return new MyLocalResolver (); }
登录 开发期间模板引擎页面修改以后,要实时生效
禁用模板引擎的缓存
1 2 spring.thymeleaf.cache =false
页面修改完成以后ctrl+f9:重新编译;
防止表单重复提交,重定向到主页
登陆错误消息的显示
1 <p style ="color: red;" th:text ="${msg}" th:if ="${not #strings.isEmpty(msg)}" > </p >
拦截器进行登录检查 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 public class LoginHandleInterceptor implements HandlerInterceptor { @Override public boolean preHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception { Object user = request.getSession().getAttribute("loginUser" ); if (user == null ) { request.setAttribute("msg" , "没有权限,请先登录" ); request.getRequestDispatcher("/index.html" ).forward(request, response); return false ; } else { return true ; } } @Override public void postHandle (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception { } @Override public void afterCompletion (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception { } }
注册拦截器
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 @Bean public WebMvcConfigurer indexConfigurer () { WebMvcConfigurer mvcConfigurer = new WebMvcConfigurer () { @Override public void addViewControllers (ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/" ).setViewName("index" ); registry.addViewController("/index" ).setViewName("index" ); registry.addViewController("/index.html" ).setViewName("index" ); registry.addViewController("/main.html" ).setViewName("dashboard" ); } @Override public void addInterceptors (InterceptorRegistry registry) { registry.addInterceptor(new LoginHandleInterceptor ()).addPathPatterns("/**" ) .excludePathPatterns("/index.html" , "/" , "/user/login" , "/asserts/**" , "/webjars/**" ); } }; return mvcConfigurer; }
CRUD-员工列表 RestfulCRUD:CRUD满足Rest风格;
URI: /资源名称/资源标识 HTTP请求方式区分对资源CRUD操作
普通CRUD(uri来区分操作)
RestfulCRUD
查询
getEmp
emp—GET
添加
addEmp?xxx
emp—POST
修改
updateEmp?id=xxx&xxx=xx
emp/{id}—PUT
删除
deleteEmp?id=1
emp/{id}—DELETE
实验的请求架构;
实验功能
请求URI
请求方式
查询所有员工
emps
GET
查询某个员工(来到修改页面)
emp/1
GET
来到添加页面
emp
GET
添加员工
emp
POST
来到修改页面(查出员工进行信息回显)
emp/1
GET
修改员工
emp
PUT
删除员工
emp/1
DELETE
员工列表:
thymeleaf公共页面元素抽取
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1、抽取公共片段 <div th:fragment ="copy" > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</div > 2、引入公共片段 <div th:insert ="~{footer :: copy}" > </div > ~{templatename::selector}:模板名::选择器 ~{templatename::fragmentname}:模板名::片段名 3、默认效果: insert的公共片段在div标签中 如果使用th:insert等属性进行引入,可以不用写~{}: 行内写法可以加上:[[~{}]];[(~{})];
三种引入公共片段的th属性:
th:insert :将公共片段整个插入到声明引入的元素中
th:replace :将声明引入的元素替换为公共片段
th:include :将被引入的片段的内容包含进这个标签中
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 <footer th:fragment ="copy" > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</footer > 引入方式 <div th:insert ="footer :: copy" > </div > <div th:replace ="footer :: copy" > </div > <div th:include ="footer :: copy" > </div > 效果 <div > <footer > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery </footer > </div > <footer > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</footer > <div > © 2011 The Good Thymes Virtual Grocery</div >
引入片段的时候传入参数:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 <nav class ="col-md-2 d-none d-md-block bg-light sidebar" id ="sidebar" > <div class ="sidebar-sticky" > <ul class ="nav flex-column" > <li class ="nav-item" > <a class ="nav-link active" th:class ="${activeUri=='main.html'?'nav-link active':'nav-link'}" href ="#" th:href ="@{/main.html}" > <svg xmlns ="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width ="24" height ="24" viewBox ="0 0 24 24" fill ="none" stroke ="currentColor" stroke-width ="2" stroke-linecap ="round" stroke-linejoin ="round" class ="feather feather-home" > <path d ="M3 9l9-7 9 7v11a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2z" > </path > <polyline points ="9 22 9 12 15 12 15 22" > </polyline > </svg > Dashboard <span class ="sr-only" > (current)</span > </a > </li > <div th:replace ="commons/bar::#sidebar(activeUri='emps')" > </div >
CRUD-员工添加 添加页面
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 <form > <div class ="form-group" > <label > LastName</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Email</label > <input type ="email" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan@atguigu.com" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Gender</label > <br /> <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="1" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 男</label > </div > <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="0" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 女</label > </div > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > department</label > <select class ="form-control" > <option > 1</option > <option > 2</option > <option > 3</option > <option > 4</option > <option > 5</option > </select > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Birth</label > <input type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" > </div > <button type ="submit" class ="btn btn-primary" > 添加</button > </form >
提交的数据格式不对:生日:日期;
2017-12-12;2017/12/12;2017.12.12;
日期的格式化;SpringMVC将页面提交的值需要转换为指定的类型;
2017-12-12—Date; 类型转换,格式化;
默认日期是按照/的方式;
1 spring.mvc.date-format =yyyy-MM-dd
CRUD-员工修改 修改添加二合一表单
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 <form th:action ="@{/emp}" method ="post" > <input type ="hidden" name ="_method" value ="put" th:if ="${emp!=null}" /> <input type ="hidden" name ="id" th:if ="${emp!=null}" th:value ="${emp.id}" > <div class ="form-group" > <label > LastName</label > <input name ="lastName" type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${emp.lastName}" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Email</label > <input name ="email" type ="email" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan@atguigu.com" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${emp.email}" > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Gender</label > <br /> <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="1" th:checked ="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==1}" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 男</label > </div > <div class ="form-check form-check-inline" > <input class ="form-check-input" type ="radio" name ="gender" value ="0" th:checked ="${emp!=null}?${emp.gender==0}" > <label class ="form-check-label" > 女</label > </div > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > department</label > <select class ="form-control" name ="department.id" > <option th:selected ="${emp!=null}?${dept.id == emp.department.id}" th:value ="${dept.id}" th:each ="dept:${depts}" th:text ="${dept.departmentName}" > 1</option > </select > </div > <div class ="form-group" > <label > Birth</label > <input name ="birth" type ="text" class ="form-control" placeholder ="zhangsan" th:value ="${emp!=null}?${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" > </div > <button type ="submit" class ="btn btn-primary" th:text ="${emp!=null}?'修改':'添加'" > 添加</button > </form >
1 spring.mvc.hiddenmethod.filter.enabled =true
CRUD-员工删除 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 <tr th:each ="emp:${emps}" > <td th:text ="${emp.id}" > </td > <td > [[${emp.lastName}]]</td > <td th:text ="${emp.email}" > </td > <td th:text ="${emp.gender}==0?'女':'男'" > </td > <td th:text ="${emp.department.departmentName}" > </td > <td th:text ="${#dates.format(emp.birth, 'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm')}" > </td > <td > <a class ="btn btn-sm btn-primary" th:href ="@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" > 编辑</a > <button th:attr ="del_uri=@{/emp/}+${emp.id}" class ="btn btn-sm btn-danger deleteBtn" > 删除</button > </td > </tr > <script > $(".deleteBtn" ).click (function ( ){ $("#deleteEmpForm" ).attr ("action" ,$(this ).attr ("del_uri" )).submit (); return false ; }); </script >
7、错误处理机制 SpringBoot默认的错误处理机制 默认效果:
1. 浏览器,返回一个默认的错误页面
2. 如果是其他客户端,默认响应一个json数据
原理:
可以参照ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration;错误处理的自动配置;
给容器中添加了以下组件
DefaultErrorAttributes:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 帮我们在页面共享信息; @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes (RequestAttributes requestAttributes, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> errorAttributes = new LinkedHashMap <String, Object>(); errorAttributes.put("timestamp" , new Date ()); addStatus(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); addErrorDetails(errorAttributes, requestAttributes, includeStackTrace); addPath(errorAttributes, requestAttributes); return errorAttributes; }
BasicErrorController:处理默认/error请求
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 @Controller @RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}") public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController { @RequestMapping(produces = "text/html") public ModelAndView errorHtml (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes( request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML))); response.setStatus(status.value()); ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model); return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView ("error" , model) : modelAndView); } @RequestMapping @ResponseBody public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error (HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL)); HttpStatus status = getStatus(request); return new ResponseEntity <Map<String, Object>>(body, status); }
ErrorPageCustomizer:
1 2 @Value("${error.path:/error}") private String path = "/error" ; 系统出现错误以后来到error请求进行处理;(web.xml注册的错误页面规则)
DefaultErrorViewResolver:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 @Override public ModelAndView resolveErrorView (HttpServletRequest request, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolve(String.valueOf(status), model); if (modelAndView == null && SERIES_VIEWS.containsKey(status.series())) { modelAndView = resolve(SERIES_VIEWS.get(status.series()), model); } return modelAndView; } private ModelAndView resolve (String viewName, Map<String, Object> model) { String errorViewName = "error/" + viewName; TemplateAvailabilityProvider provider = this .templateAvailabilityProviders .getProvider(errorViewName, this .applicationContext); if (provider != null ) { return new ModelAndView (errorViewName, model); } return resolveResource(errorViewName, model); }
步骤:
一但系统出现4xx或者5xx之类的错误;ErrorPageCustomizer就会生效(定制错误的响应规则);就会来到/error请求;就会被BasicErrorController 处理;
响应页面;去哪个页面是由DefaultErrorViewResolver 解析得到的;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 protected ModelAndView resolveErrorView (HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, HttpStatus status, Map<String, Object> model) { for (ErrorViewResolver resolver : this .errorViewResolvers) { ModelAndView modelAndView = resolver.resolveErrorView(request, status, model); if (modelAndView != null ) { return modelAndView; } } return null ; }
定制错误响应
定制错误的页面
有模板引擎的情况下;error/状态码;
【将错误页面命名为 错误状态码.html 放在模板引擎文件夹里面的 error文件夹下】,发生此状态码的错误就会来到 对应的页面;
我们可以使用4xx和5xx作为错误页面的文件名来匹配这种类型的所有错误,精确优先(优先寻找精确的状态码.html);
页面能获取的信息;
timestamp:时间戳
status:状态码
error:错误提示
exception:异常对象
message:异常消息
errors:JSR303数据校验的错误都在这里
没有模板引擎(模板引擎找不到这个错误页面),静态资源文件夹下找;
以上都没有错误页面,就是默认来到SpringBoot默认的错误提示页面;
定制错误的json数据
自定义异常处理&返回定制json数据;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 @ControllerAdvice public class MyExceptionHandler { @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public Map<String,Object> handleException (Exception e) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap <>(); map.put("code" ,"user.notexist" ); map.put("message" ,e.getMessage()); return map; } }
转发到/error进行自适应响应效果处理
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 @ExceptionHandler(UserNotExistException.class) public String handleException (Exception e, HttpServletRequest request) { Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap <>(); request.setAttribute("javax.servlet.error.status_code" ,500 ); map.put("code" ,"user.notexist" ); map.put("message" ,e.getMessage()); return "forward:/error" ; }
将我们的定制数据携带出去;
出现错误以后,会来到/error请求,会被BasicErrorController处理,响应出去可以获取的数据是由getErrorAttributes得到的(是AbstractErrorController(ErrorController)规定的方法);
1、完全来编写一个ErrorController的实现类【或者是编写AbstractErrorController的子类】,放在容器中;
2、页面上能用的数据,或者是json返回能用的数据都是通过errorAttributes.getErrorAttributes得到;
容器中DefaultErrorAttributes.getErrorAttributes();默认进行数据处理的;
自定义ErrorAttributes
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 @Component public class MyErrorAttributes extends DefaultErrorAttributes { @Override public Map<String, Object> getErrorAttributes (WebRequest webRequest, boolean includeStackTrace) { Map<String, Object> map = super .getErrorAttributes(webRequest, includeStackTrace); map.put("company" ,"ansore" ); return map; } }
最终的效果:响应是自适应的,可以通过定制ErrorAttributes改变需要返回的内容,